HIV infection and injecting drug users: from epidemiology to public health. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (1.6M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Full textįull text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. CONCLUSIONS: Injection drug users and crack smokers are at high risk for HIV infection. Among crack smokers, sexual risk behaviors were associated with HIV infection. Among injection drug users, cocaine injection, use of speedballs (cocaine or amphetamines with heroin), and sexual risk behaviors were independently associated with HIV infection. In high-seroprevalence municipalities, but not in others, HIV seroprevalence was higher for injection drug users than for crack smokers. Most high-seroprevalence municipalities (>25%) were located along the eastern seaboard of the United States. RESULTS: HIV seroprevalence was 12.7% among injection drug users and 7.5% among crack smokers. METHODS: An analysis was performed on HIV serologies and risk behaviors of 6402 injection drug users and 3383 crack smokers in 16 US municipalities in 19. OBJECTIVES: This study deter- mined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence and factors associated with HIV infection among street-recruited injection drug users and crack cocaine smokers.
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